Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)
Ashwagandha side effects, who should avoid it, and drug interactions, plus what trials show for stress, sleep and strength at clinical doses.
Encyclopedia
Roots & Herbs
Adaptogens, culinary herbs, and traditional roots — turmeric, ginger, ashwagandha, rhodiola, milk thistle — with active-compound and clinical-trial coverage.
Basil (Ocimum basilicum)
What lab and human studies show, vitamin K per serving, sweet basil vs holy basil, and the estragole and warfarin cautions.
Black Pepper (Piper nigrum)
How piperine raises absorption of curcumin and some drugs, what human studies show, side effects, and drug interactions.
Cilantro / Coriander (Coriandrum sativum)
How the two herbs differ in flavor, vitamin K and vitamin C, plus what the evidence says about cilantro benefits and safety.
Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum / C. cassia)
Coumarin levels and liver risk, how much is safe per day, and what trials show for blood sugar and cholesterol.
Garlic (Allium sativum)
What trials show, how much raw garlic or supplement they used, and bleeding risks.
Ginger (Zingiber officinale)
What trials show for morning sickness, chemotherapy, surgery and motion sickness, the doses studied, and ginger's side effects.
Ginseng (Panax ginseng / Panax quinquefolius)
What is ginseng good for? Trial evidence for memory, fatigue, colds, blood sugar and erectile function, Asian vs American ginseng, and side effects.
Maca Root (Lepidium meyenii)
What small trials show at 1.5 to 3.5 g a day, and the side effects.
Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum)
What silymarin trials show for fatty liver and hepatitis, the 420 mg daily dose studied, side effects and interactions.
Oregano (Origanum vulgare)
What lab, animal and human studies show for infections, parasites and gut health, plus carvacrol content, dosing and safety.
Parsley (Petroselinum crispum)
Vitamin K, vitamin C, iron and apigenin per 100 g, what studies show, how much is safe to eat daily, and the warfarin caution.
Rhodiola Rosea (Rhodiola rosea)
What the trials show, doses of 200 to 680 mg, side effects, and drug interactions.
Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus)
What studies show for hair growth, memory and digestion, how rosemary oil compared with minoxidil, doses, and safety cautions.
Saffron (Crocus sativus)
What trials of 20 to 30 mg a day found, plus side effects and interactions.
Sage (Salvia officinalis)
What small trials show, how much sage tea is safe given thujone, and who should avoid it.
Turmeric (Curcuma longa)
How piperine raises curcumin absorption, how much pepper to use, what trials show for joints and cholesterol, and risks.
